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User Guides
CTE Agent Linux and Windows Quick Start Guide
- Installation Prerequisites
- Installing and Registering CTE
  - Installation and Registration on Linux
  - Installation on Windows
  - Registration with Windows
- Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
  - Access the CipherTrust Manager Domain
  - Create an Encryption Key
  - Create a Standard Policy
  - Create a GuardPoint
- Using and Renewing Certificates
- Protecting Data with CTE
- Ransomware Protection
CTE Agent Linux Advanced Configuration Guide
- Overview of CTE
- Getting Started with CTE for Linux
  - Additional Considerations
  - CTE Agent Installation with UEFI Secure Boot
  - Linux Package Installation for Linux Distributions
    - Linux Package Installation for RHEL
    - Linux Package Installation for SLES
    - Linux Package Installation for Ubuntu
  - Verifying Kernel Compatibility
  - Installing CTE with No Key Manager Registration
  - Configuring CTE for Linux with CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation Prerequisites
    - Interactive Installation on Linux
    - Silent Installation for CTE or CTE-U on Linux
    - Validating CM and CTE with a Local CA Certificate
    - Using external certificates for communication between CTE Agent and CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation and Registration Options
    - Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
  - Ransomware Protection
    - Ransomware Protection Overview
    - Use Cases for Ransomware Protection
    - Creating GuardPoints for Ransomware Protection
  - Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Introduction to Multifactor Authentication
    - Using Keycloak for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Use Cases for MFA on CTE
    - Exempting some users from authentication with a Whitelist
    - Setting up Multifactor Authentication with a One-Time-Password
    - Setting up Multifactor Authentication with a Time Out
    - Administrator Tasks for Multifactor Authentication
    - Troubleshooting Multifactor Authentication
- Special Cases for CTE Policies
  - Re-Enabling Automatic Signing for Host Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides from Unauthorized Identities
  - Blocking ptrace system calls to prevent process injection attacks
- Logging
  - Setting CTE Agent Logging Preferences
  - Audit Logs
  - Concise Logging
- Enhanced Encryption Mode
  - Compatibility
  - Disk Space
  - Encryption Migration
  - File Systems Compatibility
  - Container Compatibility
  - Using the AES-CBC-CS1 Encryption Mode in CM
  - Exceptions and Caveats
  - Best Practices for AES-CBC-CS1 Keys and Host Groups
- CTE and systemd
  - Overview of CTE and systemd
  - CTE Agent Control Changes on systemd
  - CTE Configuration Changes Required on systemd
    - About systemd Dependency Changes for Unit Configuration Files
    - Location of Application Unit Configuration Files
    - Adding Dependencies to systemd Unit Configuration Files
    - Adding Applications to the secfs-fs-barrier.service File
    - Drop-in Files for systemd
    - Adding Dependencies to the `saslauthd.service` File
  - SystemD Protection
  - Manually Stopping Application or Service
- Utilities for CTE Management
  - Agent Health Utility
  - agentinfo Utility (Java version)
  - Backup Utility
  - check_host Utility
  - Displaying Information for Nested File Systems with the DF tool
  - fsfreeze and xfs_freeze
  - Protecting Files with Client Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides with Client Settings
  - register_host Utility
  - secfsd Utility
    - secfsd Examples
    - Secfsd Raw and Block Devices
  - Using Advanced Encryption Set New Instructions (AES-NI)
  - User Cache Lookup Improvements
  - vmutil
  - vmd utility
  - vmsec Utility
- CipherTrust in-Place Data Transformation for Linux
  - Introduction to in-Place Data Transformation (IDT)
  - Requirements for IDT-Capable GuardPoints
  - The CTE Private Region and IDT Device Header
  - IDT-Capable GuardPoint Encryption Keys
  - Guarding an IDT-Capable Device on Linux
    - Initializing an IDT-Capable Device
    - Guard the Linux Device with an IDT-Capable GuardPoint
    - Example of Creating an IDT-Capable GuardPoint on an Existing Linux Device
  - Changing the Encryption Key on Linux IDT-Capable Devices
  - Guarding an IDT-Capable Device with Multiple IO Paths on Linux
  - Use Cases involving IDT GuardPoints
    - Use Case 1: Single Encryption Key
    - Use Case 2: Device-Level GuardPoints
    - Use Case 3: Directory-Level GuardPoints
    - Best Practices for the Migration of a legacy Raw Device GuardPoint to an IDT GuardPoint
    - Migration Prerequisites
    - Migration
    - Use Case 4: Using CTE-IDT with LVM
  - Linux System and IDT-Capable GuardPoint Administration
  - Resizing Guarded IDT Devices
    - Resizing Guarded IDT Devices
  - Alerts and Errors on Linux
- Upgrading CTE on Linux
- Uninstalling CTE from Linux
- Migrating Agents from CTE-U to CTE
CTE Agent Windows Advanced Configuration Guide
- Overview of CTE
- Getting Started with CTE for Windows
  - Installation Workflow
  - Installing CTE with No Key Manager Registration
  - Configuring CTE for Windows with CipherTrust Manager
    - Interactive Installation on Windows
    - Silent Installation on Windows
    - Validating CM and CTE with a Local CA Certificate
    - Using external certificates for communication between CTE Agent and CipherTrust Manager
    - Registering CTE After Installation is Complete
    - Setting the CM log for Ransomware Protection
    - Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation Prerequisites
  - Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Introduction to Multifactor Authentication
    - Compatible MFA Providers
    - Use Cases for MFA on CTE
    - Exempting some users or processes from authentication with a Whitelist
    - Remote Authentication for Multifactor Authentication
    - Administrator Tasks for Multifactor Authentication
    - Troubleshooting Multifactor Authentication
  - Choosing a Login Name Type
  - Ransomware Protection
    - Ransomware Protection Overview
    - Using Ransomware
    - Creating GuardPoints for Ransomware Protection
  - Guarding Data on CIFS Servers and Clients
- Special Cases for CTE Policies
- Enhanced Encryption Mode
  - Compatibility
  - Disk Space
  - Encryption Migration
  - File Systems Compatibility
  - FileTable Support on Windows
  - Using the AES-CBC-CS1 Encryption Mode in CM
  - Exceptions and Caveats
  - Best Practices for AES-CBC-CS1 Keys and Host Groups
- Utilities for CTE Management
  - Agent Health Return Codes
  - agentinfo Utility
  - Backup Utility
  - voradmin secfs Commands
  - vmsec Utility
  - vmutil
- Upgrading CTE on Windows
  - Silent Upgrade
  - CTE Scheduled Upgrade
  - Workaround for MSI CTE Typical, Silent, and Scheduled Upgrades
- Uninstalling CTE from Windows
- Troubleshooting and Best Practices
CTE Agent AIX User and Configuration Guide
- Overview
- Getting Started with CTE for AIX
  - Installation Workflow
  - AIX Package Installation
  - Installing CTE with No Key Manager Registration
  - Configuring CTE for AIX with CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation and Registration Options
    - Installation Prerequisites
    - Interactive Installation on AIX
    - Validating CM and CTE with a Local CA Certificate
    - Using external certificates for communication between CTE Agent and CipherTrust Manager
    - Silent Installation on AIX
    - Guarding a Device with CTE and CipherTrust Manager
- Special Cases for CTE Policies
  - Re-Enabling Automatic Signing for Host Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides from Unauthorized Identities
  - Backing up DB2 Databases after Encryption
  - Blocking ptrace system calls to prevent process injection attacks
- Logs
  - Setting CTE Agent Logging Preferences
  - Audit Logs
  - Analyzing Audit log entries
  - File System Audit Log Effects Codes
  - Concise Logging
- Enhanced Encryption Mode
  - Compatibility
  - Disk Space
  - Encryption Migration
  - File Systems Compatibility
  - Using the AES-CBC-CS1 Encryption Mode in CM
  - Exceptions and Caveats
- Utilities for CTE Management
  - Agent Health Utility
  - agentinfo Utility (Java version)
  - Backup Utility
  - check_host Utility
  - Displaying Information for Nested File Systems with the DF tool
  - Protecting Files with Client Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides with Client Settings
  - register_host Utility
  - secfsd Utility
    - secfsd Examples
    - secfsd and Raw Devices
  - Using Client Settings with Shell Scripts
  - vmsec Utility
    - vmsec Examples
    - Configuring Dynamic Host Settings for AIX
  - vmutil
  - vmd utility
- Upgrading CTE on AIX
- Uninstalling CTE from AIX
CTE Agent Data Transformation
- Data Transformation Overview
  - The Data Transformation Process
  - CTE Terminology
  - CTE Components
  - CTE Policies
  - Considerations with Bulk Data Transformation
  - Data Transformation Techniques
    - Copy and Restore Transformation Method
    - The CTE dataxform Utility Transformation Method
  - CTE Protection Policies
  - Overview of the dataxform Utility
    - Multithreading in the dataxform Utility
    - dataxform Space Requirements
    - dataxform Execution Time
    - dataxform and Sparse Files
    - dataxform and Linked Files
  - Automatic Data Transformation
  - Best Practices When Using dataxform
  - Summary
- Initial Data Encryption
  - Data Encryption Overview
  - Using the Copy or Restore Encryption Method on File Systems
  - Using the Copy or Restore Encryption Method on Block Devices
  - Using dataxform to Encrypt Your Data with CipherTrust Manager
- Rekeying
  - Rekeying Overview
  - Rekeying with dataxform
  - Rekeying Using the Manual Copy Method
- Appendix A: DataXform Reference
  - Common Dataxform Examples
    - Verifying that a Guarded Directory Can be Rekeyed with Data Transformation
    - Estimating the Data Transformation Runtime Period
    - Manually Running Data Transformation on Specific Files
    - Running Automatic Data Transformation
  - Cleaning Up a Previous dataxform Session
  - Checking for Hard-Link Files Inside the GuardPoint with dataxform
  - Monitoring Data Transformation
    - Data Transformation Logs
    - Using the Message Log Window
    - Using vordxf Files
    - Using dataxform_status Files
    - Using dataxform_auto_config
    - Using dataxform_auto_lock
  - Recovering a Failed or Incomplete dataxform Session
  - Automatic and Manual GuardPoints
  - Data Transformation Examples and Full Command Syntax
    - Data Transformation Command Syntax Examples
    - Data Transformation Command Parameters
  - Unencrypting Data
CTE Agent Live Data Transformation
- Introduction to LDT
  - Overview of LDT
  - Keys in LDT (Versioned Keys)
  - LDT Policies
  - LDT Runtime Flow
  - LDT Administrator Roles
  - Resiliency
- Getting Started
  - Using LDT
  - Backup/Restore
  - Restrictions
- Installing LDT
  - System Requirements
  - Installing the LDT License
  - Installing and Registering the CTE Agent Software on Linux
  - Installing and Registering the CTE Agent Software on Windows
  - Setting the Linux Kernel Time Zone
  - Enabling LDT on a Protected Host
- Using LDT
  - Creating and Viewing Versioned Keys
  - Creating LDT Policies
  - Quality of Service
    - How to Set QoS
    - QoS Best Practices
  - Creating an LDT GuardPoint
  - Rotating Encryption Keys (Rekey)
    - Manual Key Rotation
    - Creating a Key Rotation Schedule
    - Checking the Rekey Status
    - Obtaining Information About Keys Applied to Files
    - Showing GuardPoints During Rekey (Linux)
    - Suspending and Resuming Rekey and/or Scan Phase
    - Automatic Suspend and Resume of LDT Operations Due to Insufficient Disk Space
    - Rotating Encryption Keys While a Rekey is in Progress (Relaunch)
  - File System Operations
    - Renaming Files and Directories
    - Deleting a File
    - File Handling (Windows Only)
    - Enabling GuardPoints in Read-Only mounted file systems (Linux)
    - Copying Files Into a GuardPoint
    - Behavior of Hard Links Inside and Outside of GuardPoints (Windows)
  - Excluding Files or Directories from Rekey
    - About the Exclusion Attribute for Files Matching an Exclusion Key Rule
    - Requirements for Exclusion Key Rules
    - Usage Notes and Limitations for Configuring Exclusion Key Rules
    - Examples of Exclusion Key Rules
    - Listing All Files Included in an Exclusion Key Rule (Linux)
    - Listing All Files Included in an Exclusion Key Rule (Windows)
    - Dynamic Resource Sets
  - Using LDT with SAP HANA Fibre Channel Systems (Linux Only)
- LDT Administration
  - LDT Metadata in Extended Attributes
    - Listing Extended Attributes
    - MDS File (Linux)
    - Planning for LDT Attribute Storage
    - Using voradmin To Estimate Disk Space Required for LDT
    - Displaying Metadata
    - Verifying Metadata (Windows only)
  - DFS(R) and Replication (Windows)
  - Backing Up and Restoring LDT GuardPoints
    - Clear Text Backup and Restore
    - Encrypted Backup and Restore
    - LDT Policy for Encrypted Backup and Restore
    - Backup/Restore of Metadata Store File in GuardPoints Undergoing Rekey
    - Restore an Encrypted Backup
    - Restoring Non-LDT Backup Data to an LDT GuardPoint
    - Using fsfreeze (Linux only)
    - LDT Backups Using a File System or Storage-Level Snapshot Tool
    - Windows Backup and Snapshots
    - LDT Backup and Restore Troubleshooting
  - LDT Command-Line Administration: voradmin command
  - Migrating a GuardPoint to a Different LDT Policy
  - Removing LDT and Security Encryption
    - Migrating a GuardPoint Out of LDT
    - Deleting LDT Metadata (Linux)
    - Deleting LDT Metadata (Windows)
    - Removing LDT from a Host
  - Uninstalling the Agent while LDT is Rekeying GuardPoints
  - Detecting Loss of NAS connection to an LDT GuardPoint Group
- Using LDT with CIFS/NFS shares
  - Introduction to LDT over CIFS
  - LDT over CIFS/NFS High-Level Overview
  - LDT Communication Groups and LDT GuardPoint Groups
    - Designation of Primary role and Primary Set in an LDT GuardPoint Group
    - Responsibilities of the Primary host
    - Failover for the LDT Communication Group Master and the LDT GuardPoint Group
    - LDT GuardPoint Group Commands
  - Sharing LDT NFS/CIFS GuardPoints between Linux and Windows
  - Limitations
  - Prerequisites
    - Supported Versions
  - Administrating LDT over CIFS/NFS with CipherTrust Manager
    - Adding a CIFS Connector for CipherTrust Manager
    - LDT AccessOnly nodes
    - Policy and GuardPoint Management
    - Key Rotation Commitment
    - LDT Metadata Management Over NFS/CIFS Shares
    - Backup and Restore LDT on NFS GuardPoints
  - Upgrading CTE agent in an LDT Communication Group
    - Upgrading the LDT Agents in an LDT Communication Group from 7.2.0 to 7.3.0
    - New Terminology
    - Upgrading CTE agents in an LDT Communication Group from 7.4.0 to 7.5.0 and post 7.5.0
  - Quality of Service
  - Alerts
  - Troubleshooting
- Troubleshooting LDT
  - Monitoring and Statistics
    - Obtaining Statistics with GuardPoint Status
    - Obtaining LDT Statistics at the Command Line
    - Obtaining a Rekey Report
    - Monitoring Ongoing LDT Operations at the Command Line (Windows only)
  - Protecting LDT GuardPoints against Failure in Underlying File Systems (Linux)
    - Recovery Alerts
  - Alerts Playbook
    - Failure to Enable GuardPoints
    - Failure to Suspend or Resume LDT Operation
    - Insufficient Resources
    - Failed to Update LDT Attribute
    - Rekey Stopped
    - Incomplete Key Rotation
    - Skipped Key Rotation
    - Failed to Update LDT Metadata During Scan Phase
    - File system inconsistencies after system crash
  - Error Messages
  - Warning and Info Messages
  - Recommendations and Considerations
    - All Platform Recommendations and Considerations
    - Windows Recommendations and Considerations
CTE Terminology

fsfreeze and xfs_freeze

Users can freeze, snapshot, and unfreeze a file system with an SecFS GuardPoint using fsfreeze|xfs_freeze for both XFS and EXT3/4.

SecFS supports freezing with fsfreeze|xfs_freeze or by any other program issuing the same type of requests. Freezing SecFS results in freezing the underlying file system, as well as the primary file system.

Restrictions

There are restrictions for using fsfreeze|xfs_freeze support with CTE.

Platform Restrictions

The following platform restrictions occur with CTE and fsfreeze|xfs_freeze:

CTE supports the fsfreeze|xfs_freeze utility for freezing SECFS GuardPoints on all Linux distributions for kernels >=3.0 for Redhat, SLES, and Ubuntu platforms on EXT3/EXT4/XFS file systems. (Earlier Kernels do not contain the proper freeze_super VFS code).

Target Restrictions

The expected target of the fsfreeze|xfs_freeze command is the path of the GuardPoint.

For example, if /dev/sdb is mounted as ext4 on /data and CTE contains the GuardPoint: /data/protected, then the target of fsfreeze must be /data/protected, not /data.

Valid:

fsfreeze -f /data/protected

Not valid:

fsfreeze -f /data

File System Restrictions

The following file system restrictions occur with CTE and fsfreeze|xfs_freeze:

If multiple GuardPoints exist on the same file system, you only need to freeze one.

For example, if /dev/sdb is mounted as ext4 on /data and the CTE GuardPoints are /data/protected1 and /data/protected2, then issuing:
```
 fsfreeze -f /data/protected1
```
freezes /data/protected1, /data/protected2 and the underlying ext4 file system.

Caution

Do not unguard a GuardPoint, or restart the CTE Agent, while the file system is frozen. The only action permitted on a frozen file system is taking a snapshot or backing up.

If you try to freeze /data/protected2 after freezing /data/protected1, it returns as busy
If you are not permitted to freeze one GuardPoint, then you cannot freeze any GuardPoints

LDT Restrictions

You cannot freeze a file system while it is undergoing an LDT rekey operation. If it detects a rekey, the freeze returns as busy
You cannot start an LDT rekey on a frozen file system

Offline Data Transformation Restrictions

Do NOT use fsfreeze|xfs_freeze while an offline transform policy is in effect.