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User Guides
CTE Agent Linux and Windows Quick Start Guide
- Installation Prerequisites
- Installing and Registering CTE
  - Installation and Registration on Linux
  - Installation on Windows
  - Registration with Windows
- Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
  - Access the CipherTrust Manager Domain
  - Create an Encryption Key
  - Create a Standard Policy
  - Create a GuardPoint
- Using and Renewing Certificates
- Protecting Data with CTE
- Ransomware Protection
CTE Agent Linux Advanced Configuration Guide
- Overview of CTE
- Getting Started with CTE for Linux
  - Additional Considerations
  - CTE Agent Installation with UEFI Secure Boot
  - Linux Package Installation for Linux Distributions
    - Linux Package Installation for RHEL
    - Linux Package Installation for SLES
    - Linux Package Installation for Ubuntu
  - Verifying Kernel Compatibility
  - Installing CTE with No Key Manager Registration
  - Configuring CTE for Linux with CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation Prerequisites
    - Interactive Installation on Linux
    - Silent Installation for CTE or CTE-U on Linux
    - Validating CM and CTE with a Local CA Certificate
    - Using external certificates for communication between CTE Agent and CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation and Registration Options
    - Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
  - Ransomware Protection
    - Ransomware Protection Overview
    - Use Cases for Ransomware Protection
    - Creating GuardPoints for Ransomware Protection
  - Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Introduction to Multifactor Authentication
    - Using Keycloak for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Use Cases for MFA on CTE
    - Exempting some users from authentication with a Whitelist
    - Setting up Multifactor Authentication with a One-Time-Password
    - Setting up Multifactor Authentication with a Time Out
    - Administrator Tasks for Multifactor Authentication
    - Troubleshooting Multifactor Authentication
- Special Cases for CTE Policies
  - Re-Enabling Automatic Signing for Host Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides from Unauthorized Identities
  - Blocking ptrace system calls to prevent process injection attacks
- Logging
  - Setting CTE Agent Logging Preferences
  - Audit Logs
  - Concise Logging
- Enhanced Encryption Mode
  - Compatibility
  - Disk Space
  - Encryption Migration
  - File Systems Compatibility
  - Container Compatibility
  - Using the AES-CBC-CS1 Encryption Mode in CM
  - Exceptions and Caveats
  - Best Practices for AES-CBC-CS1 Keys and Host Groups
- CTE and systemd
  - Overview of CTE and systemd
  - CTE Agent Control Changes on systemd
  - CTE Configuration Changes Required on systemd
    - About systemd Dependency Changes for Unit Configuration Files
    - Location of Application Unit Configuration Files
    - Adding Dependencies to systemd Unit Configuration Files
    - Adding Applications to the secfs-fs-barrier.service File
    - Drop-in Files for systemd
    - Adding Dependencies to the `saslauthd.service` File
  - SystemD Protection
  - Manually Stopping Application or Service
- Utilities for CTE Management
  - Agent Health Utility
  - agentinfo Utility (Java version)
  - Backup Utility
  - check_host Utility
  - Displaying Information for Nested File Systems with the DF tool
  - fsfreeze and xfs_freeze
  - Protecting Files with Client Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides with Client Settings
  - register_host Utility
  - secfsd Utility
    - secfsd Examples
    - Secfsd Raw and Block Devices
  - Using Advanced Encryption Set New Instructions (AES-NI)
  - User Cache Lookup Improvements
  - vmutil
  - vmd utility
  - vmsec Utility
- CipherTrust in-Place Data Transformation for Linux
  - Introduction to in-Place Data Transformation (IDT)
  - Requirements for IDT-Capable GuardPoints
  - The CTE Private Region and IDT Device Header
  - IDT-Capable GuardPoint Encryption Keys
  - Guarding an IDT-Capable Device on Linux
    - Initializing an IDT-Capable Device
    - Guard the Linux Device with an IDT-Capable GuardPoint
    - Example of Creating an IDT-Capable GuardPoint on an Existing Linux Device
  - Changing the Encryption Key on Linux IDT-Capable Devices
  - Guarding an IDT-Capable Device with Multiple IO Paths on Linux
  - Use Cases involving IDT GuardPoints
    - Use Case 1: Single Encryption Key
    - Use Case 2: Device-Level GuardPoints
    - Use Case 3: Directory-Level GuardPoints
      - Challenges with Root Access on Linux
    - Best Practices for the Migration of a legacy Raw Device GuardPoint to an IDT GuardPoint
    - Migration Prerequisites
    - Migration
    - Use Case 4: Using CTE-IDT with LVM
      - Initialize Linux IDT Devices
      - Guard the Linux Device with an IDT GuardPoint
      - File System Mount Points on Linux
      - Guarding an IDT Device with Multiple IO Paths on Linux
  - Linux System and IDT-Capable GuardPoint Administration
  - Resizing Guarded IDT Devices
    - Resizing Guarded IDT Devices
  - Alerts and Errors on Linux
- Upgrading CTE on Linux
- Uninstalling CTE from Linux
- Migrating Agents from CTE-U to CTE
CTE Agent Windows Advanced Configuration Guide
- Overview of CTE
- Getting Started with CTE for Windows
  - Installation Workflow
  - Installing CTE with No Key Manager Registration
  - Configuring CTE for Windows with CipherTrust Manager
    - Interactive Installation on Windows
    - Silent Installation on Windows
      - Silent Installation Using the exe File
      - Silent Installation Using the MSI File
    - Validating CM and CTE with a Local CA Certificate
    - Using external certificates for communication between CTE Agent and CipherTrust Manager
    - Registering CTE After Installation is Complete
    - Setting the CM log for Ransomware Protection
    - Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation Prerequisites
  - Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Introduction to Multifactor Authentication
    - Compatible MFA Providers
      - Using STA for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
      - Using Okta for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
      - Using Keycloak for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
      - Using Cisco DUO for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
      - Using Microsoft Azure Entra ID Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Use Cases for MFA on CTE
    - Exempting some users or processes from authentication with a Whitelist
    - Remote Authentication for Multifactor Authentication
    - Administrator Tasks for Multifactor Authentication
    - Troubleshooting Multifactor Authentication
  - Choosing a Login Name Type
  - Ransomware Protection
    - Ransomware Protection Overview
    - Using Ransomware
    - Creating GuardPoints for Ransomware Protection
  - Guarding Data on CIFS Servers and Clients
- Special Cases for CTE Policies
- Enhanced Encryption Mode
  - Compatibility
  - Disk Space
  - Encryption Migration
  - File Systems Compatibility
  - FileTable Support on Windows
  - Using the AES-CBC-CS1 Encryption Mode in CM
  - Exceptions and Caveats
  - Best Practices for AES-CBC-CS1 Keys and Host Groups
- Utilities for CTE Management
  - Agent Health Return Codes
  - agentinfo Utility
  - Backup Utility
  - voradmin secfs Commands
  - vmsec Utility
  - vmutil
- Upgrading CTE on Windows
  - Silent Upgrade
  - CTE Scheduled Upgrade
  - Workaround for MSI CTE Typical, Silent, and Scheduled Upgrades
- Uninstalling CTE from Windows
- Troubleshooting and Best Practices
CTE Agent AIX User and Configuration Guide
- Overview
- Getting Started with CTE for AIX
  - Installation Workflow
  - AIX Package Installation
  - Installing CTE with No Key Manager Registration
  - Configuring CTE for AIX with CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation and Registration Options
    - Installation Prerequisites
    - Interactive Installation on AIX
    - Validating CM and CTE with a Local CA Certificate
    - Using external certificates for communication between CTE Agent and CipherTrust Manager
    - Silent Installation on AIX
    - Guarding a Device with CTE and CipherTrust Manager
- Special Cases for CTE Policies
  - Re-Enabling Automatic Signing for Host Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides from Unauthorized Identities
  - Backing up DB2 Databases after Encryption
  - Blocking ptrace system calls to prevent process injection attacks
- Logs
  - Setting CTE Agent Logging Preferences
  - Audit Logs
  - Analyzing Audit log entries
  - File System Audit Log Effects Codes
  - Concise Logging
- Enhanced Encryption Mode
  - Compatibility
  - Disk Space
  - Encryption Migration
  - File Systems Compatibility
  - Using the AES-CBC-CS1 Encryption Mode in CM
  - Exceptions and Caveats
- Utilities for CTE Management
  - Agent Health Utility
  - agentinfo Utility (Java version)
  - Backup Utility
  - check_host Utility
  - Displaying Information for Nested File Systems with the DF tool
  - Protecting Files with Client Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides with Client Settings
  - register_host Utility
  - secfsd Utility
    - secfsd Examples
    - secfsd and Raw Devices
  - Using Client Settings with Shell Scripts
  - vmsec Utility
    - vmsec Examples
    - Configuring Dynamic Host Settings for AIX
  - vmutil
  - vmd utility
- Upgrading CTE on AIX
- Uninstalling CTE from AIX
CTE Agent Data Transformation
- Data Transformation Overview
  - The Data Transformation Process
  - CTE Terminology
  - CTE Components
  - CTE Policies
  - Considerations with Bulk Data Transformation
  - Data Transformation Techniques
    - Copy and Restore Transformation Method
    - The CTE dataxform Utility Transformation Method
  - CTE Protection Policies
  - Overview of the dataxform Utility
    - Multithreading in the dataxform Utility
    - dataxform Space Requirements
    - dataxform Execution Time
    - dataxform and Sparse Files
    - dataxform and Linked Files
  - Automatic Data Transformation
  - Best Practices When Using dataxform
  - Summary
- Initial Data Encryption
  - Data Encryption Overview
  - Using the Copy or Restore Encryption Method on File Systems
  - Using the Copy or Restore Encryption Method on Block Devices
  - Using dataxform to Encrypt Your Data with CipherTrust Manager
- Rekeying
  - Rekeying Overview
  - Rekeying with dataxform
  - Rekeying Using the Manual Copy Method
- Appendix A: DataXform Reference
  - Common Dataxform Examples
    - Verifying that a Guarded Directory Can be Rekeyed with Data Transformation
    - Estimating the Data Transformation Runtime Period
    - Manually Running Data Transformation on Specific Files
    - Running Automatic Data Transformation
  - Cleaning Up a Previous dataxform Session
  - Checking for Hard-Link Files Inside the GuardPoint with dataxform
  - Monitoring Data Transformation
    - Data Transformation Logs
    - Using the Message Log Window
    - Using vordxf Files
    - Using dataxform_status Files
    - Using dataxform_auto_config
    - Using dataxform_auto_lock
  - Recovering a Failed or Incomplete dataxform Session
  - Automatic and Manual GuardPoints
  - Data Transformation Examples and Full Command Syntax
    - Data Transformation Command Syntax Examples
    - Data Transformation Command Parameters
  - Unencrypting Data
CTE Agent Live Data Transformation
- Introduction to LDT
  - Overview of LDT
  - Keys in LDT (Versioned Keys)
  - LDT Policies
  - LDT Runtime Flow
  - LDT Administrator Roles
  - Resiliency
- Getting Started
  - Using LDT
  - Backup/Restore
  - Restrictions
- Installing LDT
  - System Requirements
  - Installing the LDT License
  - Installing and Registering the CTE Agent Software on Linux
  - Installing and Registering the CTE Agent Software on Windows
  - Setting the Linux Kernel Time Zone
  - Enabling LDT on a Protected Host
- Using LDT
  - Creating and Viewing Versioned Keys
  - Creating LDT Policies
  - Quality of Service
    - How to Set QoS
    - QoS Best Practices
      - General Best Practices for QoS
      - Select and Set Rekey I/O Rate
  - Creating an LDT GuardPoint
  - Rotating Encryption Keys (Rekey)
    - Manual Key Rotation
    - Creating a Key Rotation Schedule
    - Checking the Rekey Status
    - Obtaining Information About Keys Applied to Files
    - Showing GuardPoints During Rekey (Linux)
    - Suspending and Resuming Rekey and/or Scan Phase
    - Automatic Suspend and Resume of LDT Operations Due to Insufficient Disk Space
    - Rotating Encryption Keys While a Rekey is in Progress (Relaunch)
  - File System Operations
    - Renaming Files and Directories
      - Renaming Directories on Linux
      - Caveats
      - Example
      - Considerations
    - Deleting a File
    - File Handling (Windows Only)
    - Enabling GuardPoints in Read-Only mounted file systems (Linux)
    - Copying Files Into a GuardPoint
    - Behavior of Hard Links Inside and Outside of GuardPoints (Windows)
  - Excluding Files or Directories from Rekey
    - About the Exclusion Attribute for Files Matching an Exclusion Key Rule
    - Requirements for Exclusion Key Rules
    - Usage Notes and Limitations for Configuring Exclusion Key Rules
    - Examples of Exclusion Key Rules
    - Listing All Files Included in an Exclusion Key Rule (Linux)
    - Listing All Files Included in an Exclusion Key Rule (Windows)
    - Dynamic Resource Sets
  - Using LDT with SAP HANA Fibre Channel Systems (Linux Only)
- LDT Administration
  - LDT Metadata in Extended Attributes
    - Listing Extended Attributes
    - MDS File (Linux)
    - Planning for LDT Attribute Storage
    - Using voradmin To Estimate Disk Space Required for LDT
    - Displaying Metadata
    - Verifying Metadata (Windows only)
  - DFS(R) and Replication (Windows)
  - Backing Up and Restoring LDT GuardPoints
    - Clear Text Backup and Restore
    - Encrypted Backup and Restore
    - LDT Policy for Encrypted Backup and Restore
    - Backup/Restore of Metadata Store File in GuardPoints Undergoing Rekey
    - Restore an Encrypted Backup
    - Restoring Non-LDT Backup Data to an LDT GuardPoint
    - Using fsfreeze (Linux only)
    - LDT Backups Using a File System or Storage-Level Snapshot Tool
    - Windows Backup and Snapshots
    - LDT Backup and Restore Troubleshooting
  - LDT Command-Line Administration: voradmin command
  - Migrating a GuardPoint to a Different LDT Policy
  - Removing LDT and Security Encryption
    - Migrating a GuardPoint Out of LDT
    - Deleting LDT Metadata (Linux)
    - Deleting LDT Metadata (Windows)
    - Removing LDT from a Host
  - Uninstalling the Agent while LDT is Rekeying GuardPoints
  - Detecting Loss of NAS connection to an LDT GuardPoint Group
- Using LDT with CIFS/NFS shares
  - Introduction to LDT over CIFS
  - LDT over CIFS/NFS High-Level Overview
  - LDT Communication Groups and LDT GuardPoint Groups
    - Designation of Primary role and Primary Set in an LDT GuardPoint Group
    - Responsibilities of the Primary host
    - Failover for the LDT Communication Group Master and the LDT GuardPoint Group
    - LDT GuardPoint Group Commands
  - Sharing LDT NFS/CIFS GuardPoints between Linux and Windows
  - Limitations
  - Prerequisites
    - Supported Versions
  - Administrating LDT over CIFS/NFS with CipherTrust Manager
    - Adding a CIFS Connector for CipherTrust Manager
    - LDT AccessOnly nodes
      - CTE Windows Deployment for LDT AccessOnly nodes
      - Configuring LDT for CIFS shares Mapped to Multiple IP addresses
    - Policy and GuardPoint Management
      - Creating a GuardPoint on a CIFS Share Drive on CipherTrust Manager
      - Pausing and Resuming LDT per host and per GuardPoint
      - Migrating GuardPoints over NFS from or to an LDT Policy
      - Multiple GuardPoint Pathnames
    - Key Rotation Commitment
    - LDT Metadata Management Over NFS/CIFS Shares
    - Backup and Restore LDT on NFS GuardPoints
  - Upgrading CTE agent in an LDT Communication Group
    - Upgrading the LDT Agents in an LDT Communication Group from 7.2.0 to 7.3.0
    - New Terminology
    - Upgrading CTE agents in an LDT Communication Group from 7.4.0 to 7.5.0 and post 7.5.0
  - Quality of Service
  - Alerts
  - Troubleshooting
- Troubleshooting LDT
  - Monitoring and Statistics
    - Obtaining Statistics with GuardPoint Status
    - Obtaining LDT Statistics at the Command Line
    - Obtaining a Rekey Report
    - Monitoring Ongoing LDT Operations at the Command Line (Windows only)
  - Protecting LDT GuardPoints against Failure in Underlying File Systems (Linux)
    - Recovery Alerts
  - Alerts Playbook
    - Failure to Enable GuardPoints
    - Failure to Suspend or Resume LDT Operation
    - Insufficient Resources
    - Failed to Update LDT Attribute
    - Rekey Stopped
    - Incomplete Key Rotation
    - Skipped Key Rotation
    - Failed to Update LDT Metadata During Scan Phase
    - File system inconsistencies after system crash
  - Error Messages
  - Warning and Info Messages
  - Recommendations and Considerations
    - All Platform Recommendations and Considerations
    - Windows Recommendations and Considerations
CTE Terminology

Enhanced Encryption Mode

This section describes the enhanced AES-CBC-CS1 encryption mode for keys. It contains the following topics:

The AES-CBC-CS1 encryption is superior to the existing AES-CBC mode because it uses a unique and unpredictable (random) IV (initialization vector) generated for each individual file. The per-file IV object is generated only at file creation time. It is stored as file metadata.

Note

AES-CBC-CS1 encryption does not require any additional license.

Security Improvements

	AES-CBC	AES-CBC-CS1
Unique IV per-file	No	Yes
IV predictability	Yes	No

File System Support

	AES-CBC	AES-CBC-CS1
Local FS (AIX)	JFS2	JFS2
Remote FS (AIX)	NFS3/NFS4	NFS3/NFS4
Block Device Support (secvm)	Fully supported	No. When a policy contains a key with CBC-CS1 encryption mode, the guarding fails on the CipherTrust Manager, and an error message displays.