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User Guides
Overview of CipherTrust Transparent Encryption Agent
- Installation Prerequisites
- Installing and Registering CTE
  - Installation and Registration on Linux
  - Installation on Windows
  - Registration with Windows
- Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
  - Access the CipherTrust Manager Domain
  - Create an Encryption Key
  - Create a Standard Policy
  - Create a GuardPoint
- Using and Renewing Certificates
- Protecting Data with CTE
- Ransomware Protection
CTE Agent for Linux Advanced Configuration
- Overview of CTE
- Getting Started with CTE for Linux
  - Additional Considerations
  - Linux Package Installation for Linux Distributions
    - Linux Package Installation for RHEL
    - Linux Package Installation for SLES
    - Linux Package Installation for Ubuntu
  - Verifying Kernel Compatibility
  - Installing CTE with No Key Manager Registration
  - Configuring CTE for Linux with CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation Prerequisites
    - Interactive Installation on Linux
    - Silent Installation for CTE or CTE-U on Linux
    - Validating CM and CTE with a Local CA Certificate
    - Using external certificates for communication between CTE Agent and CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation and Registration Options
    - Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
  - CTE Agent Installation with UEFI Secure Boot
- Special Cases for CTE Policies
  - Re-Enabling Automatic Signing for Host Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides from Unauthorized Identities]
  - Blocking ptrace system calls to prevent process injection attacks
  - SystemD Protection
- Logging
  - Setting CTE Agent Logging Preferences
  - Audit Logs
  - Analyzing Audit log entries
  - File System Audit Log Effects Codes
  - Concise Logging
- Enhanced Encryption Mode
  - Compatibility
  - Disk Space
  - Encryption Migration
  - File Systems Compatibility
  - Container Compatibility
  - Using the AES-CBC-CS1 Encryption Mode in CM
  - Exceptions and Caveats
  - Best Practices for AES-CBC-CS1 Keys and Host Groups
- CTE and systemd
  - Overview of CTE and systemd
  - CTE Agent Control Changes on systemd
  - CTE Configuration Changes Required on systemd
  - Supported Use Cases
- Utilities for CTE Management
  - Agent Health Utility
  - agentinfo Utility (Java version)
  - Backup Utility
  - check_host Utility
  - Displaying Information for Nested File Systems with the DF tool
  - fsfreeze and xfs_freeze
  - Protecting Files with Client Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides with Client Settings
  - register_host Utility
  - secfsd Utility
    - secfsd Examples
    - Secfsd Raw and Block Devices
  - Using Advanced Encryption Set New Instructions (AES-NI)
  - User Cache Lookup Improvements
  - vmutil
  - vmd utility
  - vmsec Utility
- CipherTrust in-Place Data Transformation for Linux
  - Introduction to in-Place Data Transformation (IDT)
  - Requirements for IDT-Capable GuardPoints
  - The CTE Private Region and IDT Device Header
  - IDT-Capable GuardPoint Encryption Keys
  - Guarding an IDT-Capable Device on Linux
    - Initializing an IDT-Capable Device
    - Guard the Linux Device with an IDT-Capable GuardPoint
    - Example of Creating an IDT-Capable GuardPoint on an Existing Linux Device
  - Changing the Encryption Key on Linux IDT-Capable Devices
  - Guarding an IDT-Capable Device with Multiple IO Paths on Linux
  - Use Cases involving in-Place Data Transformation GuardPoints
    - Use Case 1: Single Encryption Key
    - Use Case 2: Device-Level GuardPoints
    - Use Case 3: Directory-Level GuardPoints
    - Best Practices for the Migration of a legacy Raw Device GuardPoint to an in-Place Data Transformation GuardPoint
    - Migration Prerequisites
    - Migration
    - Use Case 4: Using CTE-IDT with LVM
  - Linux System and IDT-Capable GuardPoint Administration
  - Resizing Guarded IDT Devices
    - Resizing Guarded in-Place Data Transformation Devices
  - Alerts and Errors on Linux
- Upgrading CTE on Linux
- Uninstalling CTE from Linux
- CM host registration when switching Agent from CTE-U to CTE
CTE Agent for Windows Advanced Configuration Guide Release
- Overview of CTE
- Getting Started with CTE for Windows
  - Installation Workflow
  - Installing CTE with No Key Manager Registration
  - Configuring CTE for Windows with CipherTrust Manager
    - Interactive Installation on Windows
    - Silent Installation on Windows
    - Validating CM and CTE with a Local CA Certificate
    - Using external certificates for communication between CTE Agent and CipherTrust Manager
    - Registering CTE After Installation is Complete
    - Setting the CM log for Ransomware Protection
    - Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation Prerequisites
  - Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Introduction to Multifactor Authentication
    - Compatible MFA Providers
    - Using STA for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Using Okta for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Using Keycloak for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Using Cisco DUO for Multifactor Authentication for CTE GuardPoints
    - Use Cases for MFA on CTE
    - Administrator Tasks for Multifactor Authentication
  - Choosing a Login Name Type
  - Ransomware Protection
    - Installing Ransomware Protection
    - Using Ransomware Protection
    - Creating GuardPoints for Ransomware Protection
  - Guarding Data on CIFS Servers and Clients
- Special Cases for CTE Policies
- Enhanced Encryption Mode
  - Compatibility
  - Disk Space
  - Encryption Migration
  - File Systems Compatibility
  - FileTable Support on Windows
  - Using the AES-CBC-CS1 Encryption Mode in CM
  - Exceptions and Caveats
  - Best Practices for AES-CBC-CS1 Keys and Host Groups
- Utilities for CTE Management
  - Agent Health Return Codes
  - agentinfo Utility
  - Backup Utility
  - voradmin secfs Commands
  - vmsec Utility
  - vmutil
- Upgrading CTE on Windows
  - To Upgrade in Windows Silently
  - CTE Scheduled Upgrade
  - Workaround for MSI CTE Typical, Silent, and Scheduled Upgrades
- Uninstalling CTE from Windows
- Troubleshooting and Best Practices
CTE Agent for AIX Installation and Configuration Guide
- Overview
- Getting Started with CTE for AIX
  - Installation Workflow
  - AIX Package Installation
  - Installing CTE with No Key Manager Registration
  - Configuring CTE for AIX with CipherTrust Manager
    - Installation and Registration Options
    - Installation Prerequisites
    - Interactive Installation on AIX
    - Validating CM and CTE with a Local CA Certificate
    - Using external certificates for communication between CTE Agent and CipherTrust Manager
    - Silent Installation on AIX
    - Guarding a Device with CipherTrust Manager
- Special Cases for CTE Policies
  - Re-Enabling Automatic Signing for Host Settings
  - Restricting Access Overrides from Unauthorized Identities
  - Backing up DB2 Databases after Encryption
  - Blocking ptrace system calls to prevent process injection attacks
- Logs
  - Setting CTE Agent Logging Preferences
  - Audit Logs
  - Analyzing Audit log entries
  - File System Audit Log Effects Codes
  - Concise Logging
- Enhanced Encryption Mode
  - Compatibility
  - Disk Space
  - Encryption Migration
  - File Systems Compatibility
  - Using the AES-CBC-CS1 Encryption Mode in CM
  - Exceptions and Caveats
  - Best Practices for AES-CBC-CS1 Keys and Host Groups
- Utilities for CTE Management
  - Agent Health Utility
  - agentinfo Utility (Java version)
  - Backup Utility
  - check_host Utility
  - Displaying Information for Nested File Systems with the DF tool
  - Protecting Files with Client Settings
  - ## Restricting Access Overrides with Client Settings
  - register_host Utility
  - secfsd Utility
    - secfsd Examples
    - secfsd and Raw Devices
  - Using Client Settings with Shell Scripts
  - vmsec Utility
    - vmsec Examples
    - Configuring Dynamic Host Settings for AIX
  - vmutil
  - vmd utility
- Upgrading CTE on AIX
- Uninstalling CTE from AIX
CipherTrust Transparent Encryption Data Transformation
- Data Transformation Overview
  - The Data Transformation Process
  - CTE Terminology
  - CTE Components
  - CTE Policies
  - Considerations with Bulk Data Transformation
  - Data Transformation Techniques
    - Copy and Restore Transformation Method
    - The CTE dataxform Utility Transformation Method
  - CTE Protection Policies
  - Overview of the dataxform Utility
    - Multithreading in the dataxform Utility
    - dataxform Space Requirements
    - dataxform Execution Time
    - dataxform and Sparse Files
    - dataxform and Linked Files
  - Automatic Data Transformation
  - Best Practices When Using dataxform
  - Summary
- Initial Data Encryption
  - Data Encryption Overview
  - Using the Copy or Restore Encryption Method on File Systems
  - Using the Copy or Restore Encryption Method on Block Devices
  - Using dataxform to Encrypt Your Data with CipherTrust Manager
- Rekeying
  - Rekeying Overview
  - Rekeying with dataxform
  - Rekeying Using the Manual Copy Method
- Appendix A: DataXform Reference
  - Common Dataxform Examples
    - Verifying that a Guarded Directory Can be Rekeyed with dataxform
    - Estimating the dataxform Runtime Period
    - Manually Running dataxform on Specific Files
    - Running Automatic Data Transformation
  - Cleaning Up a Previous dataxform Session
  - Checking for Hard-Link Files Inside the GuardPoint with dataxform
  - Monitoring dataxform
    - Using the Message Log Window
    - Using vordxf_* Files
    - Using dataxform_status* Files
    - Using dataxform_auto_config
    - Using dataxform_auto_lock
  - Recovering a Failed or Incomplete dataxform Session
  - Automatic and Manual GuardPoints
  - dataxform Examples and Full Command Syntax
    - dataxform Command Syntax Examples
    - dataxform Command Parameters
  - Unencrypting Data
CipherTrust Transparent Encryption - Live Data Transformation
- Introduction to CTE-LDT
  - Overview of CTE-LDT
  - Keys in CTE-LDT (Versioned Keys)
  - CTE-LDT Policies
  - CTE-LDT Runtime Flow
  - CTE-LDT Administrator Roles
  - Resiliency
- Getting Started
  - Using CTE-LDT
  - Backup/Restore
  - Restrictions
- Installing CTE-LDT
  - System Requirements
  - Installing the CTE-LDT License
  - Installing and Registering the CTE Agent Software on Linux
  - Installing and Registering the CTE Agent Software on Windows
  - Setting the Linux Kernel Time Zone
  - Enabling CTE-LDT on a Protected Host
- Using CTE-LDT
  - Creating and Viewing Versioned Keys
  - Creating CTE-LDT Policies
  - Quality of Service
    - How to Set QoS
    - QoS Best Practices
  - Creating a CTE-LDT GuardPoint
  - Rotating Encryption Keys (Rekey)
    - Manual Key Rotation
    - Creating a Key Rotation Schedule
    - Checking the Rekey Status
    - Obtaining Information About Keys Applied to Files
    - Showing GuardPoints During Rekey (Linux)
    - Suspending and Resuming Rekey and/or Scan Phase
    - Automatic Suspend and Resume of CTE-LDT Operations Due to Insufficient Disk Space
    - Rotating Encryption Keys While a Rekey is in Progress (Relaunch)
  - File System Operations
    - Renaming Files and Directories
    - Deleting a File
    - File Handling (Windows Only)
    - Enabling GuardPoints in Read-Only mounted file systems (Linux)
    - Copying Files Into a GuardPoint
    - Behavior of Hard Links Inside and Outside of GuardPoints (Windows)
  - Excluding Files or Directories from Rekey
    - About the Exclusion Attribute for Files Matching an Exclusion Key Rule
    - Requirements for Exclusion Key Rules
    - Usage Notes and Limitations for Configuring Exclusion Key Rules
    - Examples of Exclusion Key Rules
    - Listing All Files Included in an Exclusion Key Rule (Linux)
    - Listing All Files Included in an Exclusion Key Rule (Windows)
  - Using CTE-LDT with SAP HANA Fibre Channel Systems (Linux Only)
- CTE-LDT Administration
  - CTE-LDT Metadata in Extended Attributes
    - Listing Extended Attributes
    - MDS File (Linux)
    - Planning for CTE-LDT Attribute Storage
    - Using voradmin To Estimate Disk Space Required for CTE-LDT
    - Displaying Metadata
    - Verifying Metadata (Windows only)
  - DFS(R) and Replication (Windows)
  - Backing Up and Restoring CTE-LDT GuardPoints
    - Clear Text Backup and Restore
    - Encrypted Backup and Restore
    - CTE-LDT Policy for Encrypted Backup and Restore
    - Backup/Restore of Metadata Store File (MDS) in GuardPoints Undergoing Rekey
    - Restore an Encrypted Backup
    - Restoring Non-CTE-LDT Backup Data to an CTE-LDT GuardPoint
    - Using fsfreeze (Linux only)
    - CTE-LDT Backups Using a File System or Storage-Level Snapshot Tool
    - Windows Backup and Snapshots
    - CTE-LDT Backup and Restore Troubleshooting
  - CTE-LDT Command-Line Administration: voradmin command
  - Migrating a GuardPoint to a Different CTE-LDT Policy
  - Removing CTE-LDT and Security Encryption
    - Migrating a GuardPoint Out of LDT
    - Deleting CTE-LDT Metadata (Linux)
    - Deleting CTE-LDT Metadata (Windows)
    - Removing CTE-LDT from a Host
  - Uninstalling the Agent while CTE-LDT is Rekeying GuardPoints
  - Detecting Loss of NAS connection to an LDT GuardPoint Group
- Using CTE-LDT with CIFS/NFS shares
  - Introduction
  - LDT over CIFS/NFS High-Level Overview
  - LDT Communication Groups and LDT GuardPoint Groups
    - Designation of Primary role to a host within an LDT GuardPoint Group
    - Responsibilities of the Primary host
    - Failover
    - LDT GuardPoint Group Commands
  - Limitations
  - Prerequisites
    - Supported Versions
  - Administrating LDT over CIFS/NFS with CipherTrust Manager
    - Adding a CIFS Connector for CipherTrust Manager
    - LDT AccessOnly nodes
    - Policy and GuardPoint Management
    - Key Rotation Commitment
    - LDT Metadata Management Over NFS/CIFS Shares
    - Backup and Restore LDT on NFS GuardPoints
  - Upgrading CTE agent in an LDT Communication Group
    - Upgrading the CTE-LDT Agents in an LDT Communication Group from 7.2.0 to 7.3.0
    - New Terminology
    - Upgrading CTE agents in an LDT Communication Group from 7.4.0 to 7.5.0 and post 7.5.0
  - Quality of Service
  - Alerts
  - Troubleshooting
- Troubleshooting CTE-LDT
  - Monitoring and Statistics
    - Obtaining Statistics with GuardPoint Status
    - Obtaining CTE-LDT Statistics at the Command Line
    - Obtaining a Rekey Report
    - Monitoring Ongoing CTE-LDT Operations at the Command Line (Windows only)
  - Protecting CTE-LDT GuardPoints against Failure in Underlying File Systems (Linux)
    - Recovery Alerts
  - Alerts Playbook
    - Failure to Enable GuardPoints
    - Failure to Suspend or Resume CTE-LDT Operation
    - Insufficient Resources
    - Failed to Update CTE-LDT Attribute
    - Rekey Stopped
    - Incomplete Key Rotation
    - Skipped Key Rotation
    - Failed to Update CTE-LDT Metadata During Scan Phase
    - File system inconsistencies after system crash
  - Error Messages
  - Warning and Info Messages
  - Recommendations and Considerations
    - All Platform Recommendations and Considerations
    - Windows Recommendations and Considerations
CTE Terminology

File Systems Compatibility

On Windows, you can use AES-CBC-CS1 keys to guard currently supported file systems.

The remote file system must have enough extra space to store the extra 4K bytes of the embedded header.

Storing Metadata

AES-CBC-CS1 encrypted files on Windows store the base IV (initialization vector) of a file in a Windows ADS (Alternate Data Streams) associated with the file. The size required for saving the CS1 key depends on the allocation size of the file system. If the allocation size is set to 4k, then the new IV will require 4K of extra space on the disk. You can run the fsutil fsinfo tool to find out the allocation size of the file system.

The AES-CBC-CS1 key is supported on the following file systems:

NTFS: Supported on all Windows platforms that are supported by CTE.
REFS: Supported on Windows 2012 R2 and later.
CIFS: Supported if the backend storage for the CIFS share is Windows-based storage.

Some network storage servers do not support multiple ADS associated with a file.

Compatibility

	AES-CBC	AES-CBC-CS1
Local FS (Windows)	No change	Alternate Data Streams
NTFS file system	Supported	Supported
Azure File Share	Supported	Not supported with a standard policy on a system with a VMFILTR driver.

AES-CBC-CS1 encrypted files on CTE Windows are not compatible with AES-CBC-CS1 encrypted files on CTE Linux. Do not create a policy on Linux that uses AES-CBC-CS1 keys if access to the same NFS GuardPoint is required by both Windows and Linux LAN clients.

Base IV file

To get the value of the base IV, type:

voradmin secfs iv get <file-name>

The base IV of a file is protected. It cannot be set/modified/removed by commands and applications. However, if a GuardPoint is unguarded, the files in the GuardPoint are no longer protected. An adversary can then corrupt the content of the files, as well as the IVs.

AES-CBC-CS1 depends on the physical file system's support for extended attributes in a manner similar to the CipherTrust Transparent Encryption Live Data Transformation feature.

Missing IV file

If the IV for a file is missing, or CTE is unable to read the IV, then CTE denies access to the file. This access denied message may trigger an application to display an error message. This message may vary from application to application.