About the SafeNet Backup HSM

This section describes what you can do with the SafeNet Backup HSM (Backup HSM) and outlines the various ways, both local and remote, that you can connect the Backup HSM to perform backup and restore operations. It contains the following topics:

•Functionality of the SafeNet Backup HSM

•Backup and Restore Options and Configurations

Note:  The word "Remote" in the product name merely indicates that the Backup HSM provides remote backup capability. You can use the SafeNet Backup HSM to back up the contents of your HSM to a locally attached Backup HSM, or to a remotely located Backup HSM. The SafeNet Backup HSM is referred to as the Backup HSM in this section.

Functionality of the SafeNet Backup HSM

You can use the SafeNet Backup HSM to backup multiple partitions from one or more SafeNet Network HSMs or SafeNet PCIe HSMs. Partition domain and authentication attributes are maintained when you back up a partition, which impacts how you can use the Backup HSM.

Storage Capacity and Supported Number of Partitions

Backup is performed on a per-partition basis. SafeNet PCIe HSM supports one application partition. The SafeNet Network HSM supports multiple application partitions. The size of a SafeNet Network HSM partition is configurable, but since all partitions share the HSM memory, the more partitions you create, the smaller they must be.

The base configuration for SafeNet Backup HSM is 20 partitions and 15.5 Mb of space, allowing you to backup a SafeNet Network HSM with up to twenty partitions, or any combination of partitions on individual SafeNet HSMs, up to the maximum memory available on the Backup HSM. SafeNet Network HSMs can be updated to support up to 100 partitions. You have the option of purchasing and adding capability upgrades for 50 or 100 partitions to SafeNet Network HSM, as well as to the SafeNet Backup HSM.

Note:  The size of the partition header is different for a SafeNet Network HSM partition and its equivalent backup partition stored on a SafeNet Backup HSM. As a result, the value displayed in the Used column in the output of the partition list command (for the backed up SafeNet Network HSM partition) is different than the value displayed in the Used column in the output of the token backup partition list command (for the backup partition on the Backup HSM).

Upgrading the Number of Supported Partitions

The 50 Partitions Capability Upgrade and the 100 Partitions Capability Upgrade are provided in the form of CUFs (capability update files) that can be applied to a SafeNet Backup HSM connected to your workstation, in the same fashion as upgrades are applied to an installed SafeNet PCIe HSM or to a USB-connected SafeNet USB HSM.

The 50 Partitions Capability Upgrade and the 100 Partitions Capability Upgrade are provided in the form of a secure package (.spkg file) that can be uploaded (via scp or pscp) for processing by SafeNet Network HSM to upgrade SafeNet Network HSM partition limit, or to upgrade the partition limit of a SafeNet Backup HSM connected directly to the SafeNet Network HSM appliance for local backup.

Note:  Use of older PuTTY versions, and related tools, can result in the appliance refusing to accept a connection. This can happen if a security update imposes restrictions on connections with older versions. To ensure compatibility, always use the versions of executable files included with the current client installer.

When your SafeNet Backup HSM is connected locally to a SafeNet Network HSM appliance, use the upgrade instructions at "Applying SafeNet HSM Capability Upgrades" on page 1 to apply an upgrade to increase the number of HSM partitions that can be backed up to the device.

Domains and Backups

If the target partition exists on the Backup HSM, then it must already share its partition domain with the source partition.

If the target partition is being created, then it takes the domain of the source partition.

Multiple partitions, with different domains, can exist on a single Backup HSM.

As with backup operations, restore operations can take place only where the source and target partitions have the same domain.

•Full/replace backup or restore creates a new target partition with the same domain as the source partition.

•Partial (additive/incremental) backup or restore requires the existing source and target partitions to have the same domain before the operation can start.

No cross-domain copying (backup or restore) is possible - there is no way to "mix and match" objects from different domains.

PED or Password Authentication

The Backup HSM creates a partition with matching authentication type to the SafeNet HSM partition that is being backed up. That does not work in the opposite direction, however. The Backup HSM can restore a partition (or contents of a partition) only to a SafeNet HSM of matching authentication type.

You cannot mix partition authentication types on one backup device. That is, if you have a PED-authenticated HSM and a password-authenticated HSM, you require two Backup HSMs in order to have a backup of each HSM's partitions. There is no possibility of backing up data from a higher-security device (Trusted Path, PED-authenticated, FIPS-3) onto a lower-security device (Password protected, FIPS-2). Normally this is not a concern because a given installation is likely to employ all SafeNet HSMs of the same authentication type.

However, for HSMs of the same authentication type, you could backup (or restore) partitions from different HSMs onto a single SafeNet Backup HSM, as long as there is sufficient room. Given that the type matches, the authentication (domain) is handled at the partition level.

Backup and Restore Options and Configurations

The SafeNet Backup HSM supports local or remote HSM backup. The options for backup of primary/source SafeNet HSMs are:

•Local backup of any SafeNet HSM, where all components are co-located. This is a possible scenario with all SafeNet HSMs, but is more likely with direct-connect, local-to-the-client HSMs such as SafeNet PCIe HSM. It is unlikely for SafeNet Network HSM, simply because SafeNet Network HSM normally resides in a server rack, distant from its administrators.

•Local backup of SafeNet Network HSM, where SafeNet Network HSM is located remotely from a computer that has the SafeNet Backup HSM. This is one of the likely scenarios with SafeNet Network HSM, but requires that the administrator performing backup must have client authentication access to all SafeNet Network HSM partitions.

•Remote backup of any SafeNet HSM, where the SafeNet HSM is located remotely from the computer that has the SafeNet Backup HSM. This scenario requires that the administrator of the SafeNet Backup HSM's host computer must connect (via SSH or RDP) to the clients of each HSM partition that is to be backed up. The client performs the backup (or restore) under remote direction.

In local mode, you connect the Backup HSM directly, via USB, to a SafeNet Network HSM appliance or SafeNet PCIe HSM host server. That is, local backup is local to the HSM being backed-up, not necessarily local to the administrator who is directing the process, who might be far away.

For remote backup, you connect the Backup HSM via USB to a computer running vtl and the driver for the device. Backup and restore are then performed over the secure network connection. For PED-authenticated HSMs, you must have a copy of the appropriate red (domain) PED keys to use with the Backup HSM in order to perform the copy/cloning (backup and restore) operation between the HSMs.

Backing Up a Local HSM to a Directly Connected Backup HSM

The simplest way to backup your SafeNet Network HSM is to connect the Backup HSM directly to the SafeNet Network HSM appliance. To perform a backup/restore, you open an SSH or serial connection from your workstation to the appliance, and then launch LunaSH in a terminal session to perform the backup, as illustrated in the following figure:

The workstation is simply a display terminal for LunaSH running on the appliance. It does not require the SafeNet client software.

The PEDs are required only if the SafeNet Network HSM is PED-authenticated. The appropriate SO (blue), partition (black) and domain (red) PED keys are required.

Backup to a Backup HSM Connected to a Local Client

The following diagram depicts the elements and connections of the local backup (and restore) operation, where everything is in one room.

The other two backup and restore options, local backup of a distant SafeNet Network HSM and remote backup of any SafeNet HSM require that PED operations be performed remotely. For that reason, HSMs must be prepared (locally) in advance by having orange Remote PED keys created and matched with each HSM.

Backing Up a Remote HSM to a Locally-Connected Backup HSM

The diagram below summarizes the elements and setup for backing up partitions of a remote SafeNet Network HSM to a Backup HSM that is attached to the local host. For this example, the system administrator (admin) for the SafeNet Network HSM appliance is also the person doing the backup. The local host is configured as follows:

•The SafeNet HSM client software with the Remote PED options is installed.

•A Remote Luna PED is connected.

•The SafeNet Backup HSM is connected.

Before performing a backup, the admin must open an SSH session to the SafeNet Network HSM appliance and perform a certificate exchange and registration for each SafeNet Network HSM partition to be backed up to make the local host a client of the partitions.

This scenario avoids the complication of an intermediary computer (as would be needed for true remote backup), but at the cost of giving the authentication keys for all client partitions to an administrator. Your security protocol determines whether this is acceptable.

Backing Up a Remote HSM to a Remotely-Connected Backup HSM

This section describes how to backup a remote HSM to a Backup HSM that is connected over the network to a remote host. In this configuration, you require an orange PED key, imprinted with the Remote PED Vector (RPV) for the HSM you want to back up. To create the orange PED key, you must temporarily connect a PED directly to the HSM you want to back up, as illustrated in the following figure. The figure shows a local admin session to the HSM. You could administer remotely, but this operation nevertheless requires a local PED connection to the HSM and someone there to insert PED keys and press buttons on the PED keypad, so we depict the most likely connection situation - one person doing all jobs at one location. Once the HSM has been matched to an orange Remote PED key, all future authentications can be performed with Remote PED, and the HSM can safely be shipped to its distant location.

Figure 1: Creating an orange PED key imprinted with the remote PED vector (RPV) for the HSM

After you have created the orange (RPV) PED key and have the appropriate red (domain) PED keys for the partitions you want to back up, you are ready to configure and use your Remote Backup HSM. In this scenario, you could have as many as three different computers (we depict two for our example) connecting to the SafeNet Network HSM:

•one to run the ssh administrative connection to the shell (lunash:>) on the SafeNet Network HSM appliance

•one to run the Remote PED server, with the Luna PED (in remote mode) connected via USB to the computer and separately connected to the mains electrical power source (see "Changing Modes" on page 1 for instructions on changing modes on the Luna PED)

•one to run a client session with vtl and the SafeNet Remote Backup driver, and with the SafeNet Backup HSM with its own local Luna PED attached

As noted previously, the orange PED keys contain a Remote PED Vector (RPV) that matches the RPV inside the SafeNet Network HSM. It is the presence of that RPV at both ends that allows the connection to be made between the HSM and the Remote PED. At the same time, the SafeNet Network HSM and the SafeNet Backup HSM must share the same cloning domain, in order for backup and restore (cloning) operations to take place between the two HSMs. Therefore, red PED keys with that cloning domain must be available.

SafeNet HSMs use Remote Backup Service (RBS) to facilitate Remote Backup.

Required Software

LunaCM is required on both the Client (Host) System and on the System Admin computer, but is run on Client (Host) System to launch and manage the backup and restore activity. PEDClient is needed on both the Client (Host) System and the System Admin computer, as well as on any SafeNet Network HSM.

PedClient is needed on any host that must reach out to a pedserver instance and a Remote PED. PedClient instances can also communicate with each other to facilitate RBS

PedServer must reside (and run, waiting for calls) on any computer connected to a Remote PED.

RBS is required on the computer connected to the SafeNet Backup HSM. RBS is not needed on any other computer in the scenario.

Example

The following figure provides an example configuration for backing up a remote HSM to a backup HSM connected to a remote host. This scenario adds an intermediate computer (Client (Host) System) to broker the remote backup of the HSM partitions. That could be a special-purpose computer, or it could simply mean that the Admin on the computer with the Remote Backup HSM is given remote access to each client that normally uses a SafeNet HSM partition. The tradeoff is that those clients already have access to their registered partitions, so there is no need for the Remote Backup HSM admin to have client access (PED keys) for those partitions. Your security protocol dictates which scenario is appropriate for you.

Figure 2: Configuration for backing up a remote HSM to a backup HSM connected to a remote host

SafeNet Network HSM 6.3 Product Documentation
007-011136-015 Rev. A 14 July 2017 Copyright 2001-2017 Gemalto All rights reserved.